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BISHOP DOANE'S 
HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 



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THE FIRST ANNUAL ADDRESS 



BEFORE 



THE NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY; 



AT THEIR MEETING, IN TRENTON, 



ON THURSDAY, JANUARY 15, 1846; 



THE RIGHT REV, GEORGE WASHINGTON DOANE,D.D., LL.D S 



BISHOP OF NEW JEHSEY. 



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FLEA FOR THE HISTORIAN. 

Forbear to deem the chronicler unwise, 
Ungentle, or untouched by seemly ruth, 
Who, gathering up all that time's envious tooth 

Has spared of sound and grave realities, 

Firmly rejects those dazzling flatteries, 
Dear as they are to unsuspecting youth, 

That might have drawn down Clio from the skies, 
Her rights to claim, and vindicate the truth ; 

Her faithful servants, while she walked with men, 
Were they, who, not unmindful of their sire, 

All-ruling Jove, whate'er their theme might be 

Revered her mother, sage Mnemosyne. 
And, at the Muses' will, invoked the lyre 

To animate, but not mislead, the pen. — wordsworth. 



V» 



•v 



Newark, Jan. 16/A, 1846. 
Bishop Doane; 

Dear Sir — At the Annual Meeting of the New Jersey His- 
torical Society, held at Trenton, yesterday, immediately after the de- 
livery by you of the First Annual Address, on motion of the Rev. Dr. 
Miller, of Princeton, it was unanimously resolved as follows, viz : 

Resolved, That the thanks of the Society be given to Bishop 
Doane, for the excellent and eloquent Address which he has just 
delivered, and that he be requested to furnish a copy for publi- 
cation. 

Allow me to add my individual desire that the request of the So- 
ciety may be complied with. 
1 am, dear Sir, 

Respectfully and truly yours, &c. 

Joseph P. Bradley - , 
Recording Secretary of N. J. HisUSoc. 



THB JEQSET HOMESTEAD. 

I fain would have, if I might choose, 
A mansion, such as farmers use, 
Of sound old stone, with hanging eaves, 
And casements clambered o'er with leaves ; 
Fair, but not fine, of ancient guise ; 
There shadowing elms around should rise : 
Full barns, clean stables — nor forgot 
Clear springs, and dairy, cool as grot. 
About the pile, in thought, I view 
A spreading lawn of freshest hue ; 
And, stretching back, in stately mien, 
A garden, with its alleys green ; 
Where every herb and every fruit, 
That may a healthful palate suit, 
Shall grow in concord with each flower 
That may beseem a Jersey bower. 

Then, let a rippling brook flow by, 
On whose green margin there may lie 
At intervals, a well-hewn seat, 
For pause, amid the noon-tide heat; 
And here and there, as good may seem, 
Broad willows weeping o'er the stream, 
Or locusts, where, in balmy June, 
The bees may hum their sleepy tune. 

Such be the centre of my reign, 
Whence to survey my fair domain; 
But reaching far on every side 
Meadow and field in circuit wide, 
And sombre groves, and thicket grey, 
Where I may fly at height of dajf. 
O'er the enamell'd sward, let stray 
The herd and flock, at food or play ; 
While thrift, and temperance, and care, 
Shall turn the clod, and drive the share, 
And sow and reap the golden store, 
Till winter close the massy door. 

Then, when long nights begin to bring 
Around the fire, the cheerful ring, 
The crackling billets, flaming high, 
Shall send a gleam to every eye, 
Of happy inmates round the hearth, 
Full of warm cheer and healthful mirth, 
Here let the hoary grandsirc bask, 
And grandame hug her wintry task, 
And hardy urchin plan his snare, 
And chubby girl her doll prepare, 
And John, with school-boy tone, rehearse 
The newest tale, in prose or verse. 
Such, to the Jersey yeomen free, 
Such comforts may there ever be ! 

Rev. J. W, Alexandek. 



TO THE HONOURABLE 

JOSEPH C. IIORNBLOWER, 
Chief Justice op New Jersey ; 

sustaining the institutions of his native state, 

upon the bench, 
while he adorns them, in the daily walks of life : 

this first anniversary address, 

before the society, of which ne is the first president^ 

is respectfully inscribed. 

Riverside, 15 January, mdcccxlvi. 



Gay creatures ! sweet, though mournful, 'tis to see 

How each prefers a garland from that tree, 

Which brings to mind her childhood's charmed day, 

And the dear fields and friendships far away, * * * * * 

Sees called up round her, by these magic scents, 

The well, the camels, and her father's tents; 

Sighs for the home she left with little pain, 

And wishes e'en its sorrows back again.— lalla rookh. 



ADDRESS. 

I never shall forget, with what a strange and start- 
led joy, I stopped, and stood, and gazed, upon a few 
black letters, on a plain deal board, at the corner of a 
street, in the old English town of Lincoln. I had 
been musing, beneath the Roman archway, called the 
Newport Gate, 1 of the ever-changing stream of life, 
which had not ceased to roll through it for twice ten 
centuries ; and, busied with my thoughts, had wan- 
dered off alone. When, as I climbed the steep as- 
cent, on which the town is built, 2 lifting my eyes up 
from the ground, near the Danes' Gate, they were 
arrested by the words, " New Jersey." 8 It scarcely 
is a figure to say, that, in an instant, " my heart was 
in my mouth." Romans, Danes, English, all were 
gone. I doubted of my very sense of sight. It seem- 
ed some mirage of the mind. Country, and friends, 
and home, were all before me. My 

" eyes 
" Were with" my " heart, and that was far away."' 

I stood, a Jerseyman, and in New Jersey. 

1 " The ancient Archway, called the J\'cwport Gate, at Lincoln," Britton 
says, " is a specimen of Roman execution, and consists of very large stones, 
placed together arch-wise, and without mortar." " The whole is rudely con- 
structed, but of such substantial materials, that it seems to defy all the op- 
erations of time and weather." — Architectural Antiquities, v. 158. The width 
of the archway is fifteen feet, nine inches ; its height, twelve feet, four in- 
ches : diminished very much, no doubt, by the filling up of the street. Lin- 
coln is probably from the name of the ancient Roman Station, Lindum Colonia. 

2 Too steep to be ascended by carriages; which make use of a circular 
road, round the face of the hill, without the city. 

9 I enquired, in vain, why the street, or court, should be called .Veto Jer- 
sey. No one knew. < Childc Harold, iv. 141. 



8 

I do not speak of this as if it were at all peculiar. 
I know that it is not. The Swiss guards, in a foreign 
land, who dared all dangers, and bore all privations, 
were melted to desertion, if they heard the simple 
native song with which the cows were brought from 
pasture. 4 

" The intrepid Swiss, who guards a foreign 6hore, 
" Condemned to climb his mountain-cliffs no more, 
" If chance he hears that song, so sweetly wild, 
" Which on those cliffs his infant hours beguiled, 
" Melts at the long-lost scenes that round him rise, 
"And sinks, a martyr to repentant sighs." 5 

No : it is not peculiar. I cite it as a fact in na- 
ture. It is a part of our humanity. A touch of that 
which makes the world all kin ; so that the man who 
felt it not, would scarce be owned of human kind. 
And I cite it now, because it indicates, as no elabo- 
rate dissertation could, the ground on which I stand 
to day, and the feelings with which I stand on it; 
the feelings and the ground, which, if our coming 
here is not to be in vain, you must share with me, as 
Jerseymen, and in New Jersey. Let me not, for 
one moment, be misunderstood. I yield to no man 

4 Rans des vaches; that is, rows of cows. One can see them winding along, 
among the rocks of their wild pasture ground. 

6 Rogers, Pleasures of Memory, first part. In his notes, he has the follow- 
ing. " The celebrated Hans des vaches — 'cet air si cheri des Suisses qu'il 
fut defendu, sous peine de mort, de la jouer dans Ieur troupes, parce qu'il fai- 
soit foudre en larmes, deserter ou mourir ceux qui l'entendoient, tant il exci- 
toit en eux l'ardent desir de revoir leur pays.' — Rousseau. The maladie de 
pays is as old as the human heart. Juvenal's little cup-bearer, 
'Suspirat longo non visam tempore matrem, 
'Et casulam, et notos tristis desiderat hcedos;' 
and the Argive, in the heat of battle, 

'dulces moriens reminiscitur Argos.'" 



9 

in the Catholic comprehension, which takes in the 
world. I teach no truth more earnestly, than that 
which filled and fired the fervent soul of Paul; that, 
in the plan of God, for human good, there should be 
no Jew, no Greek, no Scythian, no Barbarian, but 
all one in Jesus Christ. 1 But I remember David's 
longing for the water of that ancient well, by the 
town-gate, where he had bathed his boyhood's brow. 2 
I remember how Paul yearned for his brethren, his 
"kinsmen according to the flesh ;" and, if need were, 
would even be accursed for them. 3 And I remem- 
ber — and I speak it with profoundest reverence — 
how that blessed One, who " gave Himself a ransom 
for all," when He was come near Jerusalem, behold- 
ing it, " wept over it " 4 To love our neighbour as 
ourself, is not to sink the brother or the child. Jesus 
had one disciple, " whom He loved." The house 
will soon be chilled, in which the hearth-fires are 
gone out. There were no Nile, to fatten Egypt, if 
the fountains were not full. Trust not to his philan- 
thropy, who is not filial as a son, and faithful as a 
friend. He can be no American, who is not more a 
Jerseyman. 

Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Historical 
Society, 

I have left you at no loss as to the line I mean to 
take to-day. I have come here, as a Jerseyman, to 
speak to Jersey men, about New Jersey. So far as 
lies in me, I wish to make a jersey rally. I have 

i Every where. Especially, Galatiana iii. 28, and Colossians iii. 11. 
8 2 Samuel xxiii. 15. 8 Romans ix. 3. * St. Luke xix. 41. 

2 



10 

often regretted that that rich old word, the Common- 
wealth, should have been dropped, so generally, for 
the meagre and unmeaning monosyllable, State. 
Names are not things ; and yet they go together. 
Men never disregard the name, when they esteem 
the thing. Nor do they often keep the thing, when 
they have lost the name. There has been quite too 
little, in us, of the true notion of 'a common wealth. "We 
lack community of feeling. We are of Trenton, or 
of Newark, or of Burlington. We are of East Jer- 
sey, or of West Jersey. 1 We are not all Jerseymen. 
There is scarcely such a thing acknowledged, as a 
Jersey interest. We are, as far as we well can be, 
without State institutions, 2 State objects, State influ- 
ences, State aims. We do not sympathize. We rarely 
congregate. We fail to co-operate. It was a saying 

1 The whole of the country, now known as New York and New Jersey, was 
granted by Charles II. to his brother, the Duke of York, in 1664. The Duke 
conveyed the part now called New Jersey, to the Earl of Berkeley and Sir 
George Carteret. Sir George had been Governor of the Island of Jersey. 
The name of New Jersey — or, as they liked to call it, Neo-Casarea — was 
given to the province, as a compliment to him. The province was to go 
in equal parts: the I) astern, to Carteret; the Western, to Berkeley. Hence 
the division of East Jersey and West Jersey. Strange to say, the line is by no 
means certain. Gordon, on the Map in his " Gazetteer and History of New 
Jersey," lays down two lines : Keith's, run in 1687; and Lawrence's, run in 
1743. The difference between them is half a million of acres; one ninth of 
the whole area of the state. If I could find the line, I should like well enough. 
to rub it out. — It was the Lady of Sir George Carteret, of whom Pepys says, in 
his simple way : "Thence to my house, where I took great pride to lead her 
through the Court, by the hand, she being- very fine, and her page carrying 
Up her train." Memoirs i. 284. 

* I take pleasure in recording here one noble exception — which I could 
not so well speak of in the body of the Address — the establishment, last year, 
of a State Lunatic Asylum. It is on the noblest plan, and is going vi- 
gorously on. 



11 

of Dr. Franklin, that " New Jersey was like a cider 
barrel, tapped at both ends." It has been too liter- 
ally true. We have been too well content to lose 
ourselves in the broad shadows of the two great 
states, which stretch on either side of us. We have 
been too willing to become but little more than an 
appendage to the two chief cities, which lie upon us, 
on the right, and on the left. Our young men have 
been too ready to exchange their native name, for 
that of some more prominent member of our great 
confederacy. 1 Our vigorous minds, our skilful hands, 
our generous hearts, have gone abroad too much, to 
build up other states, and to advance other interests. 2 
We have well nigh forgotten that we have a history. 
We have almost lost the very sense of our identity. 
We have had no centre. We have made no rally. 
For these things, I have long desired the establish- 
ment of a Historical Society ; as that which was 
most likely to bring us all together, and to bring us 
out. For these things, I rejoiced when this Society 
was started : and that with such a full and vigorous 
promise of success. For these things, I consented to 
stand here. It is my firm belief that in all that con- 
stitutes the essence of a commonwealth — in resources, 

i Gordon speaks feelingly on thi6 subject. " The State has been an officina 
gentium, a hive of nations, constantly sending out swarms, whose labours have 
contributed largely to build up the two greatest marts in the Union, and to sub- 
due and fertilize the Western wilds. Instead, therefore, of being distinguished 
for the growth of numbers within her borders, she is remarkable for the pauci- 
ty of their increase." — 29- 

2 Burlington county, at one period, supplied Philadelphia with both Mayor 
and Recorder; Benjamin W.Richards Esq., and Joseph M'llvaine Esq. Tho 
facile principes of the Bar, in the city of iSew Vork, David B. Ogden Esq., 
and George Wood Esq., are native Jereeymen. 



12 

in opportunities, in capabilities for happiness and in- 
fluence with men — New Jersey stands unrivalled in 
this great confederacy. And I believe as firmly, that 
the reason why these gifts of God are not developed, 
for His glory, and the good of men, as they might 
be, and should have been, is, that Jerseymen have 
never acted on a Jersey feeling. They have not just- 
ly estimated their great advantages. They have not 
faithfully discharged their corresponding duties. Will 
you contemplate with me our " goodly heritage," 
as Jerseymen ? Will you consider with me our just 
responsibilities, as such? My appeal to you, my fel- 
low citizens, is in the spirit of that old Greek adage, 
l7rd^rccv iKct-^g rcwrotv Kocpu. 1 That is to say, being in- 
terpreted : your lot has fallen to you in New Jersey; 
bestir yourselves to make the best of it. 

Unfold with me the map of the United States. Di- 
rect your eye along the sloping line of the Atlantic 
coast, until it reach well nigh the centre. Select 
what seems the snuggest, sunniest nook, in all that 
graceful sweep. Rest, where a noble river makes 
almost an island with the ocean; washing its utmost 
length, and giving, to every pine that crowns the 
summit of its farthest mountain, a passage to the sea. 
It is the lot of our inheritance. Examine it more 
closely. See how the mountains rivet it upon the 
mainland, at the North. See how their tall and rug- 
ged peaks sink down and soften, in the gentle swells, 
and genial vallies, of the middle counties. See what 

1 It is quoted by Cicero, in a letter to Atticus ; the sixth of the fourth 
book. Erasmus says, " Adraonet adagium, ut quamcumque provinciam eri- 
mus forte nacti, ei nos accommodemus, proque huju» dignitate nos geramns." 
J'rovcrbiorum Epitome, 639. 



13 

a stretch of coast, until the vast alluvial vanishes 
away into the broad Atlantic. Is there a question 
about climate ? I am satisfied that if the arc of high- 
est points, for health, and comfort, and enjoyment, on 
the map of North America, could be described, it 
would sweep through New Jersey. 1 There is no bet- 
ter test of this than in the abundance, and variety, 
and perfection, of its fruits. This was the theme of 
admiration with the earliest settlers of the country, 
and deserves to be so still. " I have seen orchards," 
one writes home, in 16^0, " laden with fruit, to ad- 
miration ; their very limbs torn to pieces with the 
weight, and most delicious to the taste, and lovely to 
behold : I have seen an apple tree, from a pippin 
kernel, yield a barrel of curious cyder; and peaches 
in such plenty that some people took their carts a 
peach-gathering : I could not but smile at the con- 

1 A good illustration of the healthiness of New Jersey, however homely its 
expression, occurs in a letter from John Cripps to Henry Stacy, written " from 
Burlington, on Delaware River, the 26th of the eighth month, 1677." " Hero 
is good land enough lies void, would serve manv thousands of families; and we 
think if they cannot live here, they can hardly live in any place in the worl.1." 
"The country and air seems to be very agreeable to our bodies, and we have 
good stomachs to our victuals" {Smith, History of New Jersey, 104.) The 
air of Burlington has not changed, in this last respect, in 180 years. Nor is it 
less true now than then, that we have good victuals to our stomachs. — It may be 
said, in passing, that the first settlement in West Jersey was at Salem, in 1675, 
by John Fenwick and his companions, who came from London, in the Griffith. 
The second ship was the Kent, also from London. The third was the Willing 
Mind, from London. The fourth, the Martha, from Burlington, in Yorkshire. 
Burlington was laid out in 1677. It was called first New Beverly, then Brid- 
lington. This latter was the early name of Burlington, in England. The first 
ship that came up to Burlington, was the Shield, from Hull, in 1678. "Against 
Coaquannock," where Philadelphia now is, " being a bold shore, she went bo 
near, in turning, that part of the tackling struck the trees. 8ome on board re- 
marked, it was a fineopot for a town." — Smith, 10S. 



14 

ceit of it. They are a very delicate fruit, and hang 
almost like our onions that are tied on ropes." " My 
brother Robert had as many cherries this year as 
would have loaded several carts. It is my judgment, 
by what I have observed, that fruit trees in this 
country destroy themselves by the very weight of 
the fruit." 1 This is a picture from the life, as all 
who hear me know. Is the enquiry about agricul- 
tural 'productions ? What can be named, of food, for 
man or beast, in which New Jersey is deficient? 2 

* Mahlon Stacy's letter from Burlington, "26th of fourth month, 1680," to 
his brother Revell. He dwells upon the fruits, as a man of good taste might. 
" We have, from the time called May, until Michaelmas, great store of very 
good wild fruits, as strawberries, cranberries, and hurtleberries, which are like 
our bilberries in England, but far sweeter. They are very wholesome fruits. 
The cranberries much like cherries for colour and bigness, which may be kept 
till fruit come in again ; an excellent sauce is made of them for venison, tur- 
keys, and other great fowl, and they are better to make tarts than either goose- 
berries or cherries." — Smith, 112. In another letter, "to William Cook, of 
Sheffield, and others," he writes, "This is a most brave place; whatever envy or 
evil spies may speak of it, I could wish you all here." " I never repented my 
coming hither, nor yet remembered thy arguments and out-cry against New 
Jersey, with regret. I live as well to my content, and in as great plenty as 
ever I did, and in a far more likely way to get an estate." — Smith, 114. 

2 The first settlers of New Jersey had a shrewd eye to its agricultural capa- 
bilities, which has not been disappointed. " Well, here is a brave country," 
writes Samuel Groome, Surveyor General of East Jersey, in 1685, "the 
ground very fruitful, and wonderfully inclinable to English grass, as clover &c." 
"In short, the land is four times better than I expected." — Smith, 174. And 
Gawin Lawrie, deputy Governor of East Jersey, under Robert Barclay, writes, 
" all things very plenty: land very good as ever I saw." John Barclay and 
others, write from Elizabethtown: "We see little wanting that a man can desire, 
and we are sure that a sober and industrious people might make this a rich 
country, and enrich themselves by it." — Smith, 183. It is to their statement 
that Bancroft alludes; " Peaches and vines grew wild on the river sides ; the 
woods were crimsoned with strawberries; and ' brave oysters' abounded along 
the shore. Brooks and rivulets, with ' curious clear water,' were as plenty as 
in the dear native Scotland." 



15 

Nay, and she never can be, if her farmers mind their 
business. Limestone and Marl divide the land be- 
tween them. The very rocks are made to fertilize 
the soil which lies upon them; or the mouldering 
shell-fish, of the world before the flood, convert the 
worthless sand-waste into fields of smiling corn. Fa- 
cilities of transportation, constantly increasing, ra- 
pidly equalize the land ; and soon will bring it all 
into successful cultivation. While the river or the 
creek, the railroad or canal, that spreads the lime or 
marl upon the fields, takes down the corn or wheat, 
the butter or the pork, to the insatiable market of the 
cities and the ports of foreign export. Such are the 
agricultural advantages of New Jersey, that the Mas- 
sachusetts State Commissioner, now travelling in 
foreign countries, on enquiries in the line of his de- 
partment, has habitually advised young men, from 
the New England states, to come and settle here : 
the climate and the soil yielding to equal labour a 
larger return of profit and of comfort, than in any 
other state in our whole Union.' Nay, and old 
Ocean smiles, and yields his treasures for our cul- 
ture. " The oysters" that one wrote, from Perth Am- 
boy, in 1684, "would serve all England," 2 are still 
there ; and in plantations to supply the world. Is 
the enquiry of our mineral resources ? They are in- 
numerable and inexhaustible. 3 Marble, of every 

1 This agrees with what Barclay anJ others said, in 1684. "We see that 
people here want nothing, and yet their labour is vrry small." 

2 "At Amboy Point, and several other places, there is abundance of brave 
oysters." — Smith, 184. The very shells, as lime, quicken our fields into fertility. 

* See the valuable Report of the State Geologist, Professor Henry D. Rogeri, 
on the Geology of New Jersey. 



16 

kind, and every quality. Slate, in abundance. Va- 
rieties of clay, for every use, up to the finest porce- 
lain. A free-stone, from New Jersey, rears, at the 
head of the great mart of commerce in our Western 
world, a Christian Church, of noblest, most impres- 
sive architecture; which, if it could, would lift the 
hearts of men up with their eyes to heaven. 1 The 
richest ores of iron ; copper, in singular purity ; rare 
stores of zinc. In very deed, " a land whose stones 
are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig 
brass." 2 Are the results of useful art the subject of 
investigation ? With such a store of raw materials, 
in every kind ; with water power, incalculable ; with 
coal, in inexhaustible supplies, lying at the very door; 
with skilful heads and vigorous hands to turn them 
all to best account, there is no branch of manufac- 
tures which is not, or may not be, made available to 
Jerseymen. Paterson, and Newark, and Belleville, 
and Dover, and Trenton, and Bridgeton, need but 
sufficient capital and enterprise to be our Manches- 
ter, our Sheffield, and our Birmingham. While, for 
commercial purposes, inland and foreign, our noble 
canals, our most efficient railroads, the majestic Del- 
aware, the broad Atlantic — New York and Phila- 
delphia, as much our ports, as if they lay upon our 
waters — give us at once a vast home market, and 
the market of mankind. 

And these are but the outside of the case. We pos- 
sess, in a degree unrivalled, every form of civil, so- 



i The stone of which Trinity Church, New York, is built, is from Lit- 
tle Falls, near Paterson, in this State. * Deuteronomy viii. 9. 



17 

cial, moral, and political advantage. What can be 
happier than our geographical position ? We are 
free from the burden which bears down the South- 
ern States, visiting the fathers' sins upon the chil- 
dren, and yet have not to struggle with the rigours 
and reverses of the surly North. Our social posture 
is a happy mean between the two. There are not the 
carking care and unrelaxed devotion to the work-day 
world, which mark the people of New England; 
nor yet the apathy and languor which deaden hu- 
man energy, in lower latitudes, and in a different 
state of social life. A happy moderation is the char- 
acteristic of our people. There is neither extreme, 
among us, of riches or of poverty. A competence is 
easy to obtain. The general seek no more. The 
children start from very nearly the same level 
with their parents ; and leave to theirs to do the 
same. A great accumulation is but rare. Pro- 
portionally rare the fashions and the follies which 
are apt to follow in its train. A more contented, 
happier people, in their home relations, is not 
shone on by the Sun. The absence of any great 
city, or large town, is an advantage to the State. It 
would destroy the equilibrium of the body politic. It 
would control by influence, or else perpetuate dissen- 
tion. We have the advantages of two, with but a 
small share of the disadvantages of any. It is not 
their least benefit to us, that, by the overshadowing 
of their greatness, they make rivalry in us impossi- 
ble. The historic annals of our State are in a spe- 
cial manner free from stain. They record no breach 
of faith with ''the poor Indian." They bear no re- 



18 

cord of religious persecution. There is no blood up- 
on them, but that which liberty demands and conse- 
crates; the blood which patriot freemen offer, as a 
pure libation, for their fire-sides and their altars. 
"No man to be arrested, condemned, imprisoned, or 
molested, in his estate or liberty, but by twelve men 
of the neighbourhood; no man to lie in prison for 
debt, but that his estate satisfy as far as it will go, 
and be set at liberty to work ; no person to be called 
in question or molested for his conscience, or for wor- 
shipping according to his conscience," 1 was, from the 
earliest times, the alphabet of freedom, in New Jer- 
sey. And they were good at spelling with it. When 
five per cent, upon the invoice of all imports from the 
mother land was charged upon the settlers, the ar- 
gument of Samuel Jenings, a brave old Schoolmas- 
ter, in this behalf, as the Lord Cornbury found, was 
in this fashion. " Tell us the title, by what right or 
law we are thus used ; that may a little mitigate our 
pain. Your answer hitherto hath been, ' that it was 
a conquered country ; and that the King being the 
conqueror, he has power to make laws, raise money, 
&,c, and that this power the King hath vested in the 
Duke, and by that right and sovereignty the Duke 
demands the custom we complain of.' But suppose 
the King were an absolute conqueror in the case de- 
pending, doth his power extend equally over his own 
English people, as over the conquered? Are not 
they some of the letters that make up the word, con- 
queror? Did Alexander conquer alone? Or Csesar 

1 Instructions from the Proprietors, in 1676. 



19 

beat by himself? The Norman Duke" " used not 
the companions of his victory so ill. Natural right 
and human prudence oppose such doctrine, all the 
world over. 1 " The hundred years which followed, 
to the war of independence, did not put out this fire. 
New Jersey was the Flanders of the Revolution. 
The foot of war was not removed from off her plains, 
for more than one year of the seven. Scarcely an 
acre of her soil but shared the fortunes of the fight. 
While Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth, are house- 
hold words, for childrens' children, to the latest gen- 
eration: among 

" the few, the immortal names, 
" That were not born to die." 

Where can be found a simpler, less expen- 
sive, more beneficial, administration of government? 
Where is a state less conversant with debt? What 
people are more lightly taxed ? 2 Where are the 
laws more equal or more certain ? Where are they 
more effectively sustained and cheerfully obeyed ? 
Where is another instance of a state, laying aside the 

1 Argument addressed to the Commissioners of the Duke of York, concern- 
ing the customs demanded in West New Jersey. — Smith, 129. Jenings was 
afterwards Deputy Governor. He was Speaker of the Assembly, during Lord 
Corubury's administration. When the Assembly remonstrated against some 
acts of his administration, Jenings, as Speaker, delivered the remonstrance: 
" The Governor frequently interrupted him with, Stop .' What' a that ? — at the 
same lime putting on a countenance of authority and sternness, with intention 
to confound him. With due submission, yet firmness, whenever interrupted, he 
calmly desired leave to read the passages over again, and did it wilh an addi- 
tional emphasis on those most complaining; so that, on the second reading, they 
became more observable than before." — Smith, 295. 

1 Governor Stralton's Message, just delivered, shows for the current year a 
balance of seventy thousand dollars, to meet extraordinary expenses. The 
State tax averages but about ten cents a head, on the whole population. 



20 

badges and the names, the principles and prejudices 
of party; and, by the hands of her choice men, delib- 
erately, dispassionately, resolvedly reforming her 
frame of government : making no sacrifice to popu- 
lar favour or partisan distinctions, and quietly, and as 
one man, passing from a Colonial Charter to an in- 
dependent constitution ? r 

Such is a dim and shadowy outline of our " good- 
ly heritage," as jerseymen. It is for you, dear 
friends, to fill it up, and 'grave it deeply in your 
hearts, and gild it with the blessed radiance that 
lights up your happy hearths and homes. It is for 
you to own the fulness of your debt, and prove your 
depth of grateful love, by the discharge of the high 
duties and immense responsibilities to God, your 
country, and the generations yet to come, that it may 
be an heritage forever. This is our Sparta. It is for 
us to make the best of it. The time would fail me to 
point out the ways, in which the duties and the debt 
of citizenship, are to be owned and paid. Nor need 
I do it. If your hearts have risen with mine to the 
appreciation of our great and gracious privileges, 
they will be swift to own them, and intuitive in skill 
to magnify and to perpetuate them. It needs no 
great exertion. It calls for no specific effort. It 
asks no signal sacrifice. It is in daily duties, and 
habitual services, and unconscious influences, that it 
is most effectively performed. As, by the hearth of 
home, the tender charities of life spring up, spon- 



1 The history of the late Convention, to revise the Constitution of New Jer- 
sey, is without a parallel. 



21 

taneous and uncounted, in the light of mutual love. 
I gratefully acknowledge that the last few years have 
seen much progress in this great result, Traversing 
annually its length and breadth, I witness every year 
new marks of progress, and new trophies of improve- 
ment. 1 The work, that might have been set down 
for half a century, ten years have well nigh done. 
Improved appliances in agriculture are every where 
in hand. Improved facilities in transportation are 
every where encouraging their application. An in- 
terest in horticulture is touching all the landscape 
with a new and gentler grace. The efforts of the new 
Society, for its promotion, begin to be appreciated. 
The day is hastening, when it may not need a poet's 
eye to find the garden of the Hesperides, at Newark, 
or at Princeton. 2 In architecture, too, there is a mark- 
ed advancement. It is beginning to be felt, that the 
house of God need not be mean or homely. The 
taste of private individuals is dotting all our towns 
and rural nooks with homes, where comfort dwells 
with beauty. And here, the transformation of the 
State House — so appropriate, so convenient, so com- 
manding, such perfect fitness, and such admirable 

1 It was Mr. Clay, I believe, who spoke of New Jersey, as " the State of 
beautiful Villages." And with what truth! Few know how much and vari- 
ed in its beauty New Jersey is; because few know much of the State, but by 
the railroads. There is noihing in its kind more worthy of a visit than the 
scenery of the Water Gop. The counties of Warren, HunterJon, and Mor- 
ris, are no where surpassed in richness and variety of prospect. Long Branch 
and Cape May, are the most favoured and favourite resorts, in the whole land, 
for the beauties and the comforts of the Sea. 

2 As in the beautiful grounds of the Hon. Mr. Wright, and Mr. Norris, at 
the former; and at Fieldwood — shall I not say 1 — near the latter. Mr. Field is 
the President of the New Jersey Horticultural Society, which owes very much 
to his zealous interest in its objects. 



22 

taste — more than redeems the past, and gives a noble 
promise for the future. 

The life of a State is in the past and in the fu- 
ture. The State that does not honour its illustrious 
dead, and make provision for the full and perfect 
training of its children, is derelict of duty; and must 
endure its penalty, in the oblivion of the past, and in 
disorganization for the future. A State must have its 
immortality on earth. Its past must give the colour to 
its future. As that future becomes past, the dies 
will deepen, and the retribution be more fierce. The 
State that sows the wind must reap the whirlwind. 
An inglorious past will earn a more inglorious fu- 
ture. Neglected children will become unhonoured 
fathers. A spring time, without sowing, brings 
an autumn, without harvest. In both these two re- 
spects, New Jersey has been signally deficient. 

She has done what in her lay to have no history. 
As William Penn, in 1676, found it essential to begin 
a letter to his friends and brethren, with the assurance 
"that there is such a province as New Jersey, is cer- 
tain;" 1 so, but for maps and school geographies, the 
fact might still be deemed apocryphal. There is no 
Calendar of patriots and heroes in New Jersey. The 
record of her sons, so far as she has seemed to care, 
has been allowed to perish with them. Where are 
the statues of the founders of the State? Where is 
the gallery of portraits of the statesmen and the sol- 
diers of the war of Independence ? Where is the re- 
gistry, more authentic than the Almanac, to give 
the names and dates, that shall identify a Livingston, 

' Smith, 89 



23 

a Schuyler, a Stockton, or a Southard? Where are 
the ancient records of the first enterprises in this old 
colony? Where are the household letters, stained 
with many a tear, that told of troubles, and of trials, 
borne in unrepining patience, through the hope that 
is in Christ ? Where are the papers, filled with 
"thoughts that breathe and words that burn," that 
wrought the way for the great struggle of the nation, or 
recorded its encouragements and triumphs? It is not 
rash to say, that no one state, in all the old thirteen, 
was richer in these holy relics of the past; that 
none is now so poor. In this respect, another era 
has, I trust, begun. To you, gentlemen of the His- 
torical Society, successive generations will look back 
with gratitude, as patriot preservers of their ancestral 
fame. A volume of colonial history, the work of a 
son of New Jersey, produced and published while 
your first year had not filled its round, is your free 
pledge to all your kind, that you are in earnest in 
the cause ; and that, what your enterprise can rescue 
and preserve, is sure and safe. I offer you, for this 
good work, the thanks and the congratulations of 
your countrymen. 1 



1 History of" East Jersey, under the Proprietary Governments ; a Narrative 
of events connected with the settlement and progress of the Province, until the 
surrender of the government to the Crown, in 1702," l>y Wm. A. Whitehead, 
of Newark; with an Appendix, consisting of "The Model of the Government 
of East New Jersey in America, hy George Scot of Pitlochie," re-printed for the 
first time from the original edition of 1 G85. — The sheets of this volume, a per- 
fect beauty in typography, were circulated at the annual meeting, Will Mr, 
Whitehead permit me to remind him that "one good turn deserves another;" 
that having done so well for East Jersey, he is now to do the same for \A est ; 
that it will then remain for him to bring the 6tory down, from the period of their 
anion, to the adoption of the new Stale Constitution ? 



24 

I blush to say, that in the cause of education, New 
Jersey does herself no justice. She is not careful of 
her children. Her children will not care for her. 
Unfilial sons are the sure progeny of an unnatural 
mother. Of the two learned institutions of the State, 
I speak with an unfeigned respect. x They have done 
noble service for the country. No prouder names, in 
arts or arms, in science or in letters, in the halls of 
government, or in the sanctuaries of our religion, 
adorn the annals of America, than those whom they 
have sent forth from their venerable walls. And 
they are now discharging their high function, with 
an ability, a fidelity, and a success, which set them 
in the first rank of the institutions of our land. But 
what share has the State in all this honor ? What 
has the State done, what is the State now doing, to 
encourage and assist them in their work? New 
Jersey, as a State, does nothing for the arts, does 
nothing for science, does nothing for letters. She 
scarcely recognizes that she has a child. She virtu- 
ally denies it, in her almost total disregard even of 
their elementary education. This is a burning 
shame. The brand of it is on our brow. Shall we 
submit to bear it ? We cannot, and not so approve 
ourselves traitors to God and man, in the neglect of 
means and opportunities, such as no other State in 
all the Union has. New Jersey ought to be, what 
Athens was to Greece, the eye of our confederacy. In 
her central position, in the facilities of access to her, 
in the salubrity of her climate, in the moderate con- 
dition of her people, in the absence of absorbing in- 

' The College of New Jersey, at Princeton, incorporated in 1746; and Rut- 
ger's College, at New Brunswick, in 1770. 



25 

terests, in her simplicity of manners, in the serene 
seclusion of her beautiful retreats, in every thing that 
the broad name of nature comprehends, New Jersey 
is the State for education. In some States, commerce, 
in some, agriculture, in some, manufactures, may 
be the leading interest. Ours should be education. 
From Carpenter's Point to Cape May, New Jersey 
should be studded all with Schools. Academies and 
higher institutions should adorn and bless her larger 
towns. Her Colleges should be supplied "with all 
appliances and means, to boot," to carry out the work 
to its most comprehensive range, and up to its most 
lofty elevation. Above all, these things should be 
consecrated to God, in the sole name of Jesus Christ, 
for the eternal welfare, as for the present comfort, of 
our race. The foundations of New Jersey were laid 
in the fear of God. " Be it known unto you all, in 
the name and fear of Almighty God, His glory and 
honour, power and wisdom, truth and kingdom is 
dearer to us than all visible things," is the devout 
and manly language of one of its most ancient public 
documents. 1 As the foundation was laid, so should 
the superstructure be built up, and crowned, in faith, 
and fear, and prayer. In all the life of Dr. Frank- 
lin, there is no page so beautiful as that which bears 
the record of his motion, that the daily sessions of the 
Convention for forming the Constitution of the Uni- 
ted States begin with prayer. "Mr. President," he 
said, "the small progress we have made, after four or 



' What Smiih calls, "a cautionary Epistle," from William Penn, Gawin Lau- 
rie, and Nicholas Lucas, in 1676. 
4 



26 

five weeks close attendance, and continual reasoning 
with each other; our different sentiments on almost 
every question, several of the last producing as ma- 
ny noes as ayes, is, methinks, a melancholy proof of 
the imperfection of the human understanding. We 
indeed seem to feel our own want of political wis- 
dom, since we have been running all about in search 
of it. We have gone back to ancient history for mo- 
dels of government, and examined the different forms 
of those republics, which, having been originally 
formed with the seeds of their own dissolution, now 
no longer exist ; and we have viewed modern states 
all around Europe : but find none of their constitu- 
tions suitable to our circumstances. In this situa- 
tion of this assembly, groping as it were, in the dark, 
to find political truth, and unable to distinguish it 
when presented to us, how has it happened, Sir, that 
we have not hitherto once thought of humbly apply- 
ing to the Father of lights, to illuminate our under- 
standings? In the beginning of the contest with 
Britain, when we were sensible of danger, we had 
daily prayers in this room for the divine protection. 
Our prayers, Sir, were heard; and they were gra- 
ciously answered. All of us, who were engaged in 
the struggle, must have observed frequent instances 
of a superintending Providence in our favour. To 
that same Providence, we owe the happy opportunity 
of consulting in peace on the means of establishing 
our future national felicity. And have we now for- 
gotten that powerful Friend? Or do we imagine we 
no longer need His assistance? I have lived, Sir, a 
long time ; and the longer I live, the more convincing 



27 

proofs I see of this truth, that God governs in the af- 
fairs of men. And, if a sparrow cannot fall to the 
ground without His notice, is it probable that an em- 
pire can rise without His aid ? We have been assur- 
ed, Sir, in the sacred writings, that 'except the Lord 
build the house, their labour is but lost that build it.' 
I firmly believe this; and I also believe, that without 
His concurring aid, we shall succeed in this political 
building no better than the builders of Babel : we 
shall be divided by our little, partial, local interests. 
Our projects will be confounded ; and we ourselves 
shall become a reproach and a bye-word to future 
ages. And, what is worse, mankind may hereafter, 
from this unfortunate instance, despair of establishing 
government by human wisdom, and leave it to 
chance, war, and conquest. I therefore beg leave to 
move, that, henceforth, daily prayers, imploring the as- 
sistance of Heaven, and its blessing on our delibera- 
tions, be held in this Assembly, every morning, before 
we proceed to business ; and that one or more of the 
clergy of this city be requested to officiate in that ser- 
vice." 1 There spoke the truest wisdom, ^the most 

'Sparks' edition of Franklin's Works, V. 153-155. — I cannot deny myself 
the pleasure of recording here a most interesting and gratifying co-incidence. I 
do it in the language of a correspondent of the Newark Daily Advertiser, per- 
sonally unknown to me, omitting his words of kindness to myself. "The daily 
Sessions of, the Legislature, as you will see by the report of the proceedings of 
the House, are, for the first time in our history, to be opened with prayer." "It 
is a notable co-incidence that the vote was taken only a few minutes before the 
delivery of Bishop Doane's Address before the Historical Society ; ia which he 
called the attention of the audience, which included the members of both houses, 
to Dr. Franklin's emphatic and remarkable speech, when he made a motion, 
similar to that of Mr. McLean, in'the old Convention, which framed the Federal 
Constitution. It can scarcely be necessary to add that it was a co-incidence. 



28 

enlarged philanthrophy, the loftiest patriotism, the 
profoundest piety. " Righteousness exalteth a na- 
tion: but sin is the reproach of any people." 1 "O, 
pray for the peace of Jerusalem : they shall prosper 
that love thee." 2 "Happy are the people that are in 
such a case : yea, blessed are the people who have the 
Lord for their God." 3 

One single sad word more, my heart cannot fore- 
go. Brief as has been the term of our existence, as a 
Society, it has been long enough for death to wound 
us in our tenderest place. The joy of our first anni- 
versary mingles itself with grief. Since our last 
quarterly assembling, we have lost — oh, how im- 
mense his gain ! — the excellent, the learned, the ac- 
complished, the patriotic Dod. Oh, had he stood 
where I stand, 4 how his manly bosom would have 



The Legislature could not have known the Bishop's intention ; nor had the 
Bishop any knowledge whatever of the purpose of the mover." 
i Proverbs xiv. 34. 2 Psalm cxxii. 6. 

s Psalm cxlv. 15. How admirably this Psalm describes our case! "Our gar- 
ners" arc "full and plenteous, with all manner of store;" "our sheep" do "bring 
forth thousands and ten thousands in our streets ;" "our oxen are strong to la- 
bour;" and there is "no decay, no leading into captivity, and no complaining in 
our streets." Shall we not be as careful to realize the truth, the comfort and the 
beauty of the verse next preceding: "that our sons may grow up as the young 
plants, and that our daughters may be as the polished corners of the temple V 

4 The following letter to the Editor of the Burlington Gazette, will explain 
the allusions here : 

It was a grief of heart, such as I seldom had to bear, that I was not at 
the funeral of this beloved and lamented man. An engagement of positive du- 
ty, made before I knew of his illness, which I could neither delegate nor defer, 
required me to go from home, in another direction. But I was there in spirit ; 
and few were there, out of the charmed circle of his own immediate friends, to 
weap for him more bitter tears. I truly think, that New Jersey had not any 



29 

swelled ! Oh, had he stood where I stand, how his 
beaming eye would have flashed new fires ! Oh, 
had he stood where I stand, how his clear trumpet 
voice would have been lifted up ! He was a man ; 

son of brighter promise, for her interests and fame. And I am filled with aw- 
ful adoration when I reflect, how rich and full His store of providence must be, 
Who, seeing to the end, from the beginning, has withdrawn him from us, when 
his days seemed not half spent, and when his usefulness and influence were 
spreading so, and deepening, every day. 

I knew him well, and loved him better than I knew him. We often met at 
the house of a dear and venerable friend, and never without a marked increase 
of mutual love. He was a man of a most Catholic mind, and of a more Cath- 
olic heart. It took in all its kind ; and yet lost nothing from its individuality 
of tenderness. This was most strikingly illustrated in what drew him in, into 
the inmost circle of my bosom, his unexampled devotion to young Stockton 
Boudinot. He took him to his house. He took him to his heart. He forgot 
his own infirmities of body. He endured, beyond the endurance of the strongest 
man. He practised the inventive tendernes of the most gentle woman. I saw 
his daily letters, from the bed-side of the sufferer, to the excellent lady I have 
alluded to above. They were perfect in their kind. So discreet, so tender, so 
touching. With each successive reading, my estimate of his unrivalled friend- 
ship was increased. And, at the close of the strange case, unparalleled in all 
the records of the profession, I felt, and said, that, if such calamity should fall 
on me or mine, I could ask nothing from the Lord, with the confidence of His 
paternal mercy, but such a friend as Dr. Dod. I wrote to him what I had felt. 
And, on the very day before the sickness seized him, which in one week closed 
his life, he wrote to me the following letter. Believing it to be one of the very 
last he ever wrote, I do not permit its strong expressions of personal kindness 
to prevent my sending it to you entire. " I was very deeply affected by tho 
heartiness of your kind letter. Had I wished for notice and applause, such 
commendation, from such a source, would have satisfied my highest ambition. 
But your quick and broad humanity will enable you to comprehend me fully, 
when I reply, in the words of our favourite poet-philosopher — 

* I've heard of hearts unkind, kind deeds 

' With coldness still returning ; 
1 Alas ! the gratitude of men 

' Hath oftener left me mourning.' 

" I perceive, by the published report of the proceedings of the New" Jersey 
Historical Society, that I have been appointed to deliver the Address at their 



30 

and all the instincts of a man kindled and glowed in 
him. No interest of humanity but found in him an 
advocate most eloquent. No effort for humanity but 
won from him his voice and hand and heart. While 
his devotion to his native State glowed ever with a 
fire the more intense, for the unbounded comprehen- 
sion of his love. How nobly he led on in the great 



next meeting, and that you are my alternate. I could have wished that this 
order had been reversed. In a conversation which I had, the day before the 
meeting, with the Chairman of the Executive Committee, I requested him to 
see to it, that you were requested to deliver the next Address. But as I had 
failed on this occasion, and for what seemed a good and sufficient reason, I 
suppose they felt unwilling to thrust me unceremoniously aside. It is every 
way desirable, for intrinsic and external reasons, that the Address before the 
first Annual Meeting of the Society, should be delivered by you. And it is ev- 
ident that, but for the accident of my being in the way, you would have been 
selected for the performance of the duty. I have to request, therefore, that you 
will be good enough to consider yourself charged with it. In making this re- 
quest, I am not governed solely by a feeling of propriety; though that would be 
enough. But under existing circumstances, it would be impossible for me to 
do justice to the Society or to myself, in the discharge of this duty. I am 
struggling with some form of nervous disease, which disquiets and dispirits me; 
and, for the cure or alleviation of which, my physician enjoins me to be in the 
open air as much as possible ; and intermit, as far as I can, studious application. 
I find, too, that the case of poor Boudinot has taken such a hold on me, that 
I cannot shake it off. There is scarcely a night in which I do not dream of 
him, with dreams of so vivid and half wakeful a character, that their impres- 
sion remains with me through the day. So long as he was alive, and there 
was any thing to be done for him, he was the object of action. Now, I find 
that his long illness has become the subject of thought." 

I wrote to him at once — a letter which I suppose he never read — to say, 
that though I had counted on his discharging the duty before the Historical So- 
ciety, leaving me no other responsibility than might providentially occur, I 
would certainly comply with his request; assuring him of my prayers that God 
would soon restore him to health and duty ; and inviting him to visit us at 
Burlington. The next tidings were that he was very ill. The next, that he 
was dead ! " What shadows we are, and what shadows we pursue !" But he 
died in the midst of usefulness. He died in the enjoyment of universal confi- 



31 

cause of education here, who does not know ? How 
zealously he entered into this new enterprise, who 
did not feel? In him, if he were living, I would 
find the bright example I have sought to draw ; for 
he was, "every inch," a Jersey man. And now, to his 
new grave, I sadly turn, and say, " there lies the no- 

dence and respect. He died in the satisfaction of unwearied and unbounded 
love. He was one in whom the spirit "o'er-informed " the flesh. He had a 
great heart, and its throbbings had worn out its frame. The overworking of 
the mind had loosed his hold on life. He sank under the shock of the acute 
disease which had assailed him ; and had not physical ability to rally. Though 
not for himself too soon, it is too soon for us. His greatness grew with every 
day. The masculine vigour of his mind grappled all subjects, and could master 
all. His generous enthusiasm kindled the young hearts, that it drew to him, 
with its own fires. And now, in this last service of his life — it was his very last — 
he had developed, with all that is bravest in a man, whatever in a woman is 
most lovely and engaging. " Felix opportunitate mortis." 

Of his intellectual character and attainments, of the daily beauty of his so- 
cial and domestic life, of his Christian walk and conversation, others have spo- 
ken, and will speak, with fuller opportunities than I could have. Few with a 
fuller love. " Nulli flebilior quam mihi." I never met with him, in private or 
in public, in steamboat or in stage, that we did not warm and grow together. 
He was a-glow with all the generous instincts of humanity. They were refin- 
ed, in him, andjsanctified, by the " live coal," which seraphs have in hand. He 
combined, most rarely, a keen, broad, sound and manly practicalness with the 
loftiest and most generous enthusiasm. I have often thought, that had he not 
been a great mathematician, he would have been a greater poet. He illustrated 
this in his zealous devotion to that, which, of all pursuits of men, combines the 
most of the practical with the best of the poetical, Gothic architecture. It was 
his favorite study, and most fervent theme. He was in low with it. " You 
will say," he said to me, in his own hearty playfulness, "that I have stolen your 
thunder !" 

I saw him last in Princeton. His last acts to me were acts of hospitality. 
His last words were the words of friendship. And, what I value most of all, I 
was among the thoughts of his last hours. "On Tuesday night," says Pro- 
fessor Hodge, his distinguished fellow labourer, and faithful friend, " when we 
all thought him very near his end, he charged me with several messages to his 
absent friends ; and said, ' I have been thinking of Bishop Doane, and should 
like to see him, and wish him to know it.' I feel that I am discharging a duty 



32 

blest Roman of them all." He went, for us, and for 
New Jersey, all too soon. We must take up the 
work he did not finish. If we take it up in his spirit, 
if we pursue it with his energy, we shall redeem the 
past, we shall adorn and bless the future ; and chil- 
dren's children, and their children's children, after 
them, will rise and say, we too are Jerseymen ! 

to our departed friend, in conveying to you the simple intimation, that he 
thought of you with kindness, in the last hours of his life." — None, from beyond 
the immediate circle in which my life is passed, have won for me a livelier in* 
terest and affection. No message from a death-bed has come nearer to my 
heart, or dwells more warmly there. 

Into the secret places of their sorrow, to whom this stroke comes nearest 
home, it were profane to enter. Thanks be to God for the revelation, which the 
ages that had wandered from Him farthest cherished as a pleasing dream, that 
the bolt makes sacred what it strikes ! The most endearing names to Him are 
those of widow and of orphan. "He is a father of the fatherless, and defendeth 
the cause of the widows ; even God, in His holy habitation. " 

G. W. D. 

Riverside, 27 November, 1845. 



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